//! Wrapper types to enable optimized handling of `&[u8]` and `Vec<u8>`.
//!
//! Without specialization, Rust forces us to treat `&[u8]` just like any other
//! slice and `Vec<u8>` just like any other vector. In reality this particular
//! slice and vector can often be serialized and deserialized in a more
//! efficient, compact representation in many formats.
//!
//! When working with such a format, you can opt into specialized handling of
//! `&[u8]` by wrapping it in `bytes::Bytes` and `Vec<u8>` by wrapping it in
//! `bytes::ByteBuf`.
//!
//! Rust support for specialization is being tracked in
//! [rust-lang/rust#31844][specialization]. Once it lands in the stable compiler
//! we will be deprecating these wrapper types in favor of optimizing `&[u8]`
//! and `Vec<u8>` out of the box.
//!
//! [specialization]: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/31844

use core::{ops, fmt, char, iter, slice};
use core::fmt::Write;

use ser;

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
pub use self::bytebuf::ByteBuf;

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
#[doc(hidden)] // does anybody need this?
pub use self::bytebuf::ByteBufVisitor;

#[cfg(feature = "collections")]
use collections::Vec;

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

/// Wraps a `&[u8]` in order to serialize in an efficient way. Does not support
/// deserialization.
///
/// ```rust
/// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
/// # extern crate serde;
/// # use std::net::IpAddr;
/// #
/// use serde::bytes::Bytes;
///
/// # #[allow(dead_code)]
/// #[derive(Serialize)]
/// struct Packet<'a> {
///     destination: IpAddr,
///     payload: Bytes<'a>,
/// }
/// #
/// # fn main() {}
/// ```
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
pub struct Bytes<'a> {
    bytes: &'a [u8],
}

impl<'a> Bytes<'a> {
    /// Wrap an existing `&[u8]`.
    pub fn new(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        Bytes { bytes: bytes }
    }
}

impl<'a> fmt::Debug for Bytes<'a> {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
        try!(f.write_str("b\""));
        for c in escape_bytestring(self.bytes) {
            try!(f.write_char(c));
        }
        f.write_char('"')
    }
}

impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for Bytes<'a> {
    fn from(bytes: &'a [u8]) -> Self {
        Bytes::new(bytes)
    }
}

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
impl<'a> From<&'a Vec<u8>> for Bytes<'a> {
    fn from(bytes: &'a Vec<u8>) -> Self {
        Bytes::new(bytes)
    }
}

impl<'a> Into<&'a [u8]> for Bytes<'a> {
    fn into(self) -> &'a [u8] {
        self.bytes
    }
}

impl<'a> ops::Deref for Bytes<'a> {
    type Target = [u8];

    fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
        self.bytes
    }
}

impl<'a> ser::Serialize for Bytes<'a> {
    #[inline]
    fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
        where S: ser::Serializer
    {
        serializer.serialize_bytes(self.bytes)
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#[cfg(any(feature = "std", feature = "collections"))]
mod bytebuf {
    use core::cmp;
    use core::ops;
    use core::fmt;
    use core::fmt::Write;

    use ser;
    use de;

    #[cfg(feature = "collections")]
    use collections::{String, Vec};

    /// Wraps a `Vec<u8>` in order to serialize and deserialize in an efficient
    /// way.
    ///
    /// ```rust
    /// # #[macro_use] extern crate serde_derive;
    /// # extern crate serde;
    /// # use std::net::IpAddr;
    /// #
    /// use serde::bytes::ByteBuf;
    ///
    /// # #[allow(dead_code)]
    /// #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
    /// struct Packet {
    ///     destination: IpAddr,
    ///     payload: ByteBuf,
    /// }
    /// #
    /// # fn main() {}
    /// ```
    #[derive(Clone, Default, Eq, Hash, PartialEq, PartialOrd, Ord)]
    pub struct ByteBuf {
        bytes: Vec<u8>,
    }

    impl ByteBuf {
        /// Construct a new, empty `ByteBuf`.
        pub fn new() -> Self {
            ByteBuf::from(Vec::new())
        }

        /// Construct a new, empty `ByteBuf` with the specified capacity.
        pub fn with_capacity(cap: usize) -> Self {
            ByteBuf::from(Vec::with_capacity(cap))
        }

        /// Wrap existing bytes in a `ByteBuf`.
        pub fn from<T: Into<Vec<u8>>>(bytes: T) -> Self {
            ByteBuf { bytes: bytes.into() }
        }
    }

    impl fmt::Debug for ByteBuf {
        fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            try!(f.write_str("b\""));
            for c in super::escape_bytestring(self.bytes.as_ref()) {
                try!(f.write_char(c));
            }
            f.write_char('"')
        }
    }

    impl Into<Vec<u8>> for ByteBuf {
        fn into(self) -> Vec<u8> {
            self.bytes
        }
    }

    impl From<Vec<u8>> for ByteBuf {
        fn from(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Self {
            ByteBuf::from(bytes)
        }
    }

    impl AsRef<Vec<u8>> for ByteBuf {
        fn as_ref(&self) -> &Vec<u8> {
            &self.bytes
        }
    }

    impl AsRef<[u8]> for ByteBuf {
        fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8] {
            &self.bytes
        }
    }

    impl AsMut<Vec<u8>> for ByteBuf {
        fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Vec<u8> {
            &mut self.bytes
        }
    }

    impl AsMut<[u8]> for ByteBuf {
        fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
            &mut self.bytes
        }
    }

    impl ops::Deref for ByteBuf {
        type Target = [u8];

        fn deref(&self) -> &[u8] {
            &self.bytes[..]
        }
    }

    impl ops::DerefMut for ByteBuf {
        fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] {
            &mut self.bytes[..]
        }
    }

    impl ser::Serialize for ByteBuf {
        fn serialize<S>(&self, serializer: S) -> Result<S::Ok, S::Error>
            where S: ser::Serializer
        {
            serializer.serialize_bytes(self)
        }
    }

    /// This type implements the `serde::de::Visitor` trait for a `ByteBuf`.
    pub struct ByteBufVisitor;

    impl de::Visitor for ByteBufVisitor {
        type Value = ByteBuf;

        fn expecting(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
            formatter.write_str("byte array")
        }

        #[inline]
        fn visit_unit<E>(self) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
            where E: de::Error
        {
            Ok(ByteBuf::new())
        }

        #[inline]
        fn visit_seq<V>(self, mut visitor: V) -> Result<ByteBuf, V::Error>
            where V: de::SeqVisitor
        {
            let len = cmp::min(visitor.size_hint().0, 4096);
            let mut values = Vec::with_capacity(len);

            while let Some(value) = try!(visitor.visit()) {
                values.push(value);
            }

            Ok(ByteBuf::from(values))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn visit_bytes<E>(self, v: &[u8]) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
            where E: de::Error
        {
            Ok(ByteBuf::from(v))
        }

        #[inline]
        fn visit_byte_buf<E>(self, v: Vec<u8>) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
            where E: de::Error
        {
            Ok(ByteBuf::from(v))
        }

        fn visit_str<E>(self, v: &str) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
            where E: de::Error
        {
            Ok(ByteBuf::from(v))
        }

        fn visit_string<E>(self, v: String) -> Result<ByteBuf, E>
            where E: de::Error
        {
            Ok(ByteBuf::from(v))
        }
    }

    impl de::Deserialize for ByteBuf {
        #[inline]
        fn deserialize<D>(deserializer: D) -> Result<ByteBuf, D::Error>
            where D: de::Deserializer
        {
            deserializer.deserialize_byte_buf(ByteBufVisitor)
        }
    }
}

///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

#[inline]
fn escape_bytestring<'a>
    (bytes: &'a [u8])
     -> iter::FlatMap<slice::Iter<'a, u8>, char::EscapeDefault, fn(&u8) -> char::EscapeDefault> {
    fn f(b: &u8) -> char::EscapeDefault {
        char::from_u32(*b as u32).unwrap().escape_default()
    }
    bytes.iter().flat_map(f as fn(&u8) -> char::EscapeDefault)
}